不少名人因大腸癌而賠上健康,例如表演藝術大師李國修、綜藝天王豬哥亮等,由於腸癌早期沒有症狀,如何「腸」保健康,成為許多民眾關心的問題,其中又以如何預防與如何早期發現、避免惡化最受關注。醫師表示,大腸癌是一種可以早期發現早期治療,且早期治療的話,治癒率可以很高的癌症。問題是,什麼樣的情況可以早期發現?要如何早期發現?

好心肝門診中心專任主治醫師台大醫院內科部兼任主治醫師林倩宇醫師指出,大腸癌早期很難會有症狀,一般長到變成癌症前五年,其實是沒有任何症狀,所以大部分的早期腸癌都是沒有症狀,既然沒有症狀那該怎麼辦呢?「只能靠篩檢了。」林倩宇醫師指出,大腸癌是國人十大癌症第一位,十年來大腸癌都是國人十大癌症第一位,還好的是,從數字來看,腸癌的發生人數在最新公布的數據中,首次呈現下降情況,也就是在最新公布的2014年發生人數中,首次下降、比2013年還少185人,「雖然人數不是很多,可是這趨勢終於出來了」。推斷這個原因可能就要歸功於大腸癌篩檢的推動。顯示篩檢的重要

國健署從民國93年起即推動大腸癌篩檢,目前已提供50歲到74歲這個年齡層的民眾,每兩年一次的大腸糞便潛血篩檢,一旦檢出陽性的會再建議做進一步檢查,以期早期發現大腸。

由於腸鏡是侵入性檢查,雖然有些歐美國家會直接以十年做為大腸鏡檢查的間隔,但畢竟侵入性檢查有些人還是會害怕,國健署以糞便潛血檢查為主,可以先了解腸道健康,既安全又方便且非侵入性檢查。

糞便潛血檢查腸保健康



林醫師解釋,糞便潛血檢查本來有兩種,一種是化學法,它是利用抗氧化?去跟血紅素作用,從變色反應來看結果,可是這個檢查會受到其他東西的影響,例如說含有過氧化?的食物,或食物裡面也有紅血球(不一定是人的,可能是動物,像是豬血糕、鴨血等),這種就會造成大腸糞便潛血檢查的誤判,所以國健署提供給民眾的糞便潛血檢查是「免疫糞便潛血檢查」,這是用抗體抗原的方法針對人類的紅血球去進行偵測,這種方式能偵測到的潛血反應就是民眾自己的血液,準確率相對來得高的;大腸糞便潛血檢查免疫法大概有八成八成都會被找出來。

因此,基本上只要有一次發現是陽性的,醫師就會建議做(大腸鏡)檢查。雖然有時候糞便潛血陽性有可能是因為心血管有問題吃阿斯匹靈、保栓通等抗凝血藥物,或是痔瘡等造成的陽性,但林醫師說「我是不建議用這些懷疑,就不接受後續的腸鏡檢查」,因為從糞便潛血反應來想,為什麼會有流血反應?「腸道裡面平常是大便經過的地方,一旦『路』不平的話,就是長出息肉,這時大便磨過去的時候可能就會小小的出血,但不可能是大噴血,如果小小出血就會有潛血反應」,那也不一定說每次都會磨過去就流血,有時有,有時候沒有,「所以你一旦有驗到潛血反應,可能就是有問題,即使你是因為吃了阿斯匹靈,但也可能是增加它流血機率,此時你反而要感謝可以因此提早發現問題」,不用等它長大而是癌前病變這麼早期就被發現,畢竟等到你發現症狀出現了,可能已經到了癌症末期,此時可能連用內視鏡方法切除都做不到,要藉由外科手術治療,甚至它早已轉移出去,病人還要接受化療等。「所以所有檢查目的都是提早篩檢出來,為病人後早期診斷 期治療。」

林醫師指出,台灣推動糞便篩檢以來,已出現大腸癌發生人數首次下降的成果,而且透過篩檢可以下降大腸癌死亡率約達44%,所以定期接受腸道檢查,對腸保健康非常重要。

Many celebrities have lost their health due to colorectal cancer, such as the performing arts master Li Guoxiu, the variety of Tianwang pig brother, etc. Because of the early symptoms of bowel cancer, how to "intestine" to maintain health has become a concern of many people, and how to prevent it. And the most attention to how to find early and avoid deterioration. According to the doctor, colorectal cancer is a cancer that can be detected early and treated early, and the cure rate can be high. The question is, what kind of situation can be discovered early? How to find it early?

Good-hearted liver outpatient center, the attending physician, and the attending physician of the Department of Internal Medicine of the National Taiwan University Hospital, Lin Qianyu, pointed out that it is difficult to have symptoms in the early stage of colorectal cancer. Generally, it grows into five years before becoming cancer. In fact, there are no symptoms, so most of the early stage cancers are There are no symptoms, what should I do if there are no symptoms? "It can only be screened." Dr. Lin Qianyu pointed out that colorectal cancer is the top ten cancer among Chinese people. In the past ten years, colorectal cancer has been the top ten cancers of the Chinese people. Fortunately, from the perspective of numbers, bowel cancer The number of occurrences in the latest published data showed a decline for the first time, that is, the first time in 2014, the number of people in 2014 was down, 185 fewer than in 2013. “Although the number is not very large, this trend has finally come out. "." It is inferred that this reason may be attributed to the promotion of colorectal cancer screening. Show the importance of screening

The National Health Service has promoted colorectal cancer screening since the Republic of China in 1993. Currently, people aged 50 to 74 are provided. Every two years, the large intestine fecal occult blood screening is tested. Once the positive is detected, it is recommended to further Check to find the large intestine early.

Because colonoscopy is an invasive examination, although some European and American countries will directly use the decade as the interval of colonoscopy, but some people will still be afraid of invasive examination. The National Health Department mainly uses fecal occult blood test, you can understand the intestine first. Healthy, safe and convenient, and non-invasive.

Fecal occult blood test for bowel health

Dr. Lin explained that there are two kinds of fecal occult blood tests. One is chemical method. It uses anti-oxidation to deal with hemoglobin. From the color change reaction, the test will be affected by other things, for example, Oxidized food, or red blood cells in the food (not necessarily human, may be animals, such as pig blood cake, duck blood, etc.), this will cause misjudgment of large intestine fecal occult blood test, so the National Health Service provides The public's fecal occult blood test is "immune fecal occult blood test", which is to detect human red blood cells by means of antibody antigen. This method can detect the occult blood reaction is the people's own blood, the accuracy is relatively high. About 80% of the large intestine fecal occult blood test immunoassay will be found.

Therefore, basically, once it is found to be positive, the doctor will recommend a (colonoscopy) examination. Although sometimes fecal occult blood positive may be due to cardiovascular problems such as aspirin, Baoshuantong and other anticoagulant drugs, or acne caused by positive, but Dr. Lin said "I do not recommend using these suspicions, I don't accept follow-up colonoscopy, because I think there is a bleeding reaction from the fecal occult blood reaction. "In the intestines, it is usually the place where the stool passes. Once the road is not flat, it is a polyp. When the stool is worn, there may be a small bleeding, but it is impossible to spurt a big blood. There will be occult blood reactions." It doesn't necessarily mean that every time you will grind, you will bleed, sometimes, sometimes, "So if you have a occult blood reaction, you may have problems, even if you are eating ass. Pilling, but it may also increase its chance of bleeding. At this time, you have to thank you for discovering the problem early. You don’t have to wait until it grows up, but the precancerous lesion is discovered so early. After all, when you find that the symptoms have appeared, it may already be At the end of the cancer, it may not be possible to use the endoscopic method to remove it. It must be treated by surgery, even if it has already been transferred, and the patient has to receive chemotherapy. "So all the inspection purposes are screened early and treated for early diagnosis."

Dr. Lin pointed out that since Taiwan promoted stool screening, the number of cases of coloreclaennectal cancer has decreased for the first time, and screening can reduce the mortality rate of colorectal cancer by about 44%. Therefore, regular bowel examination is very important for bowel health.

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